John C. Dvorak remembers legendary tech columnist, sci fi author and fellow aNewDomain co-founder, Jerry Pournelle. Jerry died Sept. 8. He was 84.
Author - John C. Dvorak
John C. Dvorak on Aereo: I’m Siding With the Fat Cats
Our John C. Dvorak on Aereo. As the Supreme Court case between it and ABC et al unfolds, he's outraged about what he calls Aereo's cheap trick...
John C. Dvorak: On HBO’s Silicon Valley (review, full episode here)
John C. Dvorak reviews HBO's Silicon Valley, Mike Judge's new series. Video of full first episode included here.
John C. Dvorak: Build 2014 and the New Slovenly
John C. Dvorak reports from the Microsoft Build 2014 conference. He wonders why everyone from the CEO on down looks so ... slovenly. More here.
John C. Dvorak: Today’s Agenda (No Agenda Show 602)
In his regular missive to listeners, aNewDomain co-founder John C. Dvorak tells you what to expect on today's No Agenda 602. From discussions on...
John C. Dvorak: On Color, Value and the Evolution of Logos [infographic]
John C. Dvorak tends not to like infographics -- but he found the evolution of logos infographic here to be interesting, informative and cool. Do you...
John C. Dvorak Chili Recipe for Superbowl Sunday: Add Beer
Here's how to make the John C. Dvorak chili recipe. Perfect for Superbowl Sunday. Just add beer. Here's our John C. Dvorak with more ...
John C Dvorak: What Happened to Edward Snowden?
What happened to Edward Snowden? Our John C. Dvorak wants to know. Original for aNewDomain.
John C. Dvorak: On Popular Science, Idiocy and Trolls
Our John C. Dvorak thinks Popular Science's decision to ban commentary is pure idiocy. Stuff that up your fantastical flying planes, editors. Popular...
John C. Dvorak: Hating MS CEO Steve Ballmer’s Tongue (gallery)
John C. Dvorak is hating MS CEO Steve Ballmer's tongue. Here's his photo gallery of Steve Ballmer's tongue -- and what advice John C Dvorak has for...
John C. Dvorak: On Morgues and Microsoft Stores
Our John C. Dvorak checked out a Microsoft Store recently. And It was creepy. Here's why.
John C. Dvorak: Bad Dvorak vs. Good Dvorak on NSA Star Trek Center, Parallel Weirdness
John C Dvorak woke up to find he'd sleep-written a column, arguing with himself over the NSA's spending tax dollars to build a fancy Star Trek bridge...
John C. Dvorak Chicago Hot Dog, California-Style
Our co-founder John C. Dvorak loves to eat -- and cook. Here's his take on the Chicago-style hot dog. It's the John C Dvorak Chicago Hot Dog, CA...
John C. Dvorak on NSA Spying: Are Americans Now the Enemy?
On revelations that the NSA calls U.S. citizens "adversaries," John C. Dvorak is outraged. Is America really the enemy? Of whom? Here's who to vote...
John C. Dvorak: On Michael Grunwald’s Tweeting for Murder, Julian Assange
John C. Dvorak rages on Time's Michael Grunwald's tweet wishing murder on Wikileaks' Julian Assange. Idiocy. Who does Grunwald REALLY work for? The...
John C. Dvorak: U.S. Gathers Passwords — Dump Free Email Providers Now
Our John C. Dvorak says it's time to dump Hotmail, Gmail and other free services. The US gathers passwords, we now know. Here's what you should do.
John C. Dvorak: On NSA PRISM and the Stock Market Connection
Think PRISM is all about terrorism. Here's our John C. Dvorak On NSA PRISM and why spying on the stock market might be the real secret program here ...
John C. Dvorak on Google I/O 2013: Worst Keynote Ever
John C. Dvorak has seen a lot of keynotes in his career. But the opening keynote at Google I/O 2013 was the worst one ever, he says. Here are all the...
John C. Dvorak on Google Glasses: A Joke and a Legal Nightmare
Google Glass is merely an elaborate hoax Google founders are perpetrating, says our John C. Dvorak. Either that, or Google is going to be in a lot of...
John C. Dvorak Tech Stock Corner: NYT Drives, Tesla Dives, Who’s Buying Now?
NYT Drives, Tesla Cries, Now Who Will Buy: John C Dvorak Tech Stock Corner at aNewDomain. Welcome to the first installment of John C. Dvorak's Tech...
John C. Dvorak: Bogus Einstein Quotes Don’t Prove You’re Smart
Our John C Dvorak points out a bogus Albert Einstein quote -- and is infuriated that anyone would use such a quote or other ridiculous claims to...
John C. Dvorak Super Bowl Tech: Kaepernick, Expendable QBs and NFL Futures
aNewDomain.net's co-founder John C. Dvorak Super Bowl tech commentary. The quarterback should be expendable, he says, and John has a ton of advice...
John C. Dvorak: What’s Dumb About Computers Today
John C. Dvorak on what's wrong with computers today.
Apple TV 2013: John C. Dvorak X3
It’s John C. Dvorak X3 with Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo — talking Apple TV for 2013. Apple is taking orders, according to a reporter at...
Apple TV in 2013: John C. Dvorak X3
It's rumors about the Apple TV in 2013. John C. Dvorak X3. It’s one topic, three pundits and two minutes. More or less.
Facebook Robbery: John C. Dvorak X3
How Facebook led to a home robbery -- the obvious. It's John C. Dvorak X3.
Leap Gestures Interface: Video of the Week, John C. Dvorak X3
Leap Gestures is the focus of the featured video of the week on this week's X3 with John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Joe Engo, and Andrew Eisner.
Alcohol Spray and Instant Intoxication: John C. Dvorak X3
Distilled essence of alcohol, product testing, instant intoxication? The X3 panel talks about the new alcohol spray. It’s X3 with John C. Dvorak...
Video of the Week, Man in Wingsuit Lands Without Parachute: John C. Dvorak X3
Man takes flight, now man can land. John C. Dvorak and X3 look at the wingsuit landing. One topic. Three pundits. Two minutes. More or less.
Dish Network’s Hopper Hurting Broadcast Networks? John C. Dvorak X3
On today's episode, John C. Dvorak and the X3 panel discuss the Hopper from Dish Network. One topic. Three pundits. Two minutes. More or less.
Annoying DVD Warnings and Privacy Laws: John C. Dvorak X3
On today's episode, John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about annoying DVD warnings and privacy laws. One topic. Three...
WWDC 2012: Potential Apple iPhone 5 Disasters: John C. Dvorak X3
How many ways can Apple disappoint with the next iPhone release? The X3 panel discusses. One topic. Three pundits. Two minutes. More or less.
Honda UNI-CUB, Video of the Week: John C. Dvorak X3
Move over Segway. It's the latest form of personal transportation -- a motorized unicycle -- courtesy Honda. Check it out on John C. Dvorak X3 with...
Latest Lenovo Laptop: John C. Dvorak X3
Here's the latest on Lenovo. John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo and Andrew Eisner discuss Lenovo's Thinkpad X1 Carbon on John C. Dvorak X3.
Microsoft, HP Team Up For Tablets: John C. Dvorak X3
HP is bringing back its tablet -- only now, instead of WebOS, the tablet's going to run Windows 8. Will this end up like the last HP Touchpad fiasco...
How To Send Colored Text Messages From Your iPhone: John C. Dvorak X3
Here's how to send colored texts from your iPhone. There's an app for that. Seriously. Find out about this at aNewDomain.net co-founder's John C...
Facebook IPO: John C. Dvorak X3
Will Facebook's value last even the day? It's John C. Dvorak X3. One topic, three pundits, two minutes. More or less.
Jetman Takes Flight, Video of the Week: John C. Dvorak X3
This is an amazing video -- it's Jetman. The video of the week on John C. Dvorak X3. One topic, three pundits, two minutes. More or less.
Diablo III and Max Payne 3 Release, Reviews: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo and Andrew Eisner talk about the hype and quality of recently-released games Diablo III and Max Payne 3. Joe tells John...
Google Self-driving Car Approved in Nevada: John C. Dvorak X3
Will the Google self-driving car assist with the four-way stop? John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo, and Andrew Eisner looks at the self-driving car from Google...
Samsung’s Siri Clone: John C. Dvorak X3
Samsung's Galaxy S III has a voice recognition similar to Apple's. Siri reincarnated? John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo, and Andrew Eisner discuss on X3.
Verizon Wireless, Text to 911: John C. Dvorak X3
John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo, and Andrew Eisner discuss the new text to 911 service offered by Verizon Wireless on this episode of X3. Is it a good idea...
Facebook, the Addiction: John C. Dvorak X3
It's John C. Dvorak X3 with our John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo, and Andrew Eisner discussing Facebook news that (gasp!) is not related to the IPO. What...
Intel Ivy Bridge CPU Family: John C. Dvorak X3
On today's John C. Dvorak X3, the guys discuss Intel's new Ivy Bridge family of CPUs. One topic, three pundits, two minutes. More or less.
Machine Gun Equipped Quadrocopters: John C. Dvorak X3
It's our John C. Dvorak and his selection for video of the week. He can't get enough of those quadrocopters -- it's John C. Dvorak X3 for May 13...
Google vs. Oracle: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and X3 co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo dig into the details around the Google vs. Oracle trial. It's John C. Dvorak X3. One...
Hulu to Require Cable or Satellite Subscriptions? John C. Dvorak X3
Microsoft Invests $300 Million In the Nook: John C. Dvorak X3
What is so funny about Microsoft investing $300 million in the Barnes & Noble Nook business? It's John C. Dvorak X3 for May 8, 2012. One topic, three...
Brydge For Apple iPad: John C. Dvorak X3
It’s X3 with John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo and Andrew Eisner. The guys discuss the Brydge project on X3. It’s John C. Dvorak X3. One topic. Three pundits...
RIM: Greasing App Makers With $10K: John C. Dvorak X3
It's X3 with John C. Dvorak, Joe Engo and Andrew Eisner. In this episode, the guys discuss RIM's guarantee of $10 thousand dollars to app developers...
Tupac In Concert? John C. Dvorak X3 Video of the Week
It's John C. Dvorak X3 with Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo. One topic, three pundits, two minutes. More or less.
NAB 2012: John C. Dvorak X3 on 4K TVs, Worth it?
It's John C. Dvorak X3. One topic, three pundits, two minutes. More or less.
Asteroid Mining, Billionaires, Planetary Resources: John C. Dvorak X3
Today on John C. Dvorak X3, Planetary Resources is the topic. Billionaires mining asteroids. Our John C. Dvorak has some advice for them.
On Google Drive: John C. Dvorak X3
Google Drive, the worst-kept secret ever, is finally out -- with 5GB of free storage. What does our John C. Dvorak think? Check out John C. Dvorak...
Hasbro Versus Nerf Fan Blogger: John C. Dvorak X3
"So wait, there's a Nerf-gun blog?" asks our John C. Dvorak on today's episode of John C. Dvorak X3. You bet there is, and Hasbro is not happy. John...
Self-Propelled Flying Object Video: John C. Dvorak X3
It's our John C. Dvorak X3 and the video of the week: it shows a self-propelled flying object. Check this video out -- hosts John C. Dvorak, Andrew...
Apple Q2 Results 2012 $11.6 B: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak with X3 co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo for comment on a nice fat Apple Q2 2012 result. Profits are $11.6 billion. It's John C...
On Ikea HDTVs: John C. Dvorak X3
it's our John C. Dvorak and the X3 crew. John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about that scandesign store Ikea and its plans to brand and...
Apple, Google: Apple Makes $575 Versus Google at $2 a Device: John C. Dvorak X3
Apple makes hundreds a dollars per device compared $2 per device that Google gets, says John C. Dvorak. It's John C. Dvorak X3: One topic, three...
Humanoid Robots, Ishiguro Builds Gemonoid HI-1: John C. Dvorax X3 (video)
John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk humanoid robots -- and feature these creepy devices -- check this out in their video of...
John C. Dvorak: U.S. Carriers Joining Forces for Stolen Smartphone Database
Major U.S. carriers are uniting to build a stolen phone database. What is up with this? It's John C. Dvorak X3. One topic, three hosts, two minutes...
Best Buy Policy Problems: John C. Dvorak X3
It's John C. Dvorak X3. One topic. Three pundits. Two minutes, more or less.
Google Glasses Parody Videos: John C. Dvorak X3
It's John C. Dvorak X3. One topic. Three pundits. Two minutes.
New Bill CISPA Scarier Than SOPA: John C. Dvorak X3
A bill making its way through the U.S. Congress -- the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA) -- isjust another attempt to censor the...
Yahoo Slashes 2,000 Jobs, Faces Nasty Battle with Facebook: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo discuss Yahoo's plans to slash of 2,000 jobs across the United States.
Apple, Samsung, Asus Tablet Trouble: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and tech pro Joseph Engo discuss a recent blow to Apple and other tablet news, including developments...
Getting a Grip on Groupon Losses: John C. Dvorak X3
Groupon lost more money than it thought it would. Why should you care? Here's our John C. Dvorak, with co-hosts Andrew Eisner and tech pro Joseph...
Girls Around Me Pulled from App Store: John C. Dvorak X3
It's the world's creepiest app, says our John C. Dvorak, and after a lot of outcry, Girls Around Me is out of the App Store. Here's the back story...
Instagram for Android: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joseph Engo review the recent release of Instagram for Android. Facebook bought Instagram today for...
Gamestop to Nix Playstation? John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joseph Engo talk about Gamestop -- and the retailer's rumored plans to nix the next Playstation due...
RIM and the BlackBerry Freefall: John C. Dvorak X3
On today's episode, our very own John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo continue the depressing (to Research in Motion, at least) of...
Apple iPad Scandinavian Magicians: John C. Dvorak X3
Our birthday boy has his video of the week over on this week's episode of John C. Dvorak X3. Scandinavian musicians doing Apple iPad magic trick...
Holy Optochip, IBM! John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo show the X3 video of the week. It's a magic act.
Invisible Mercedes: John C. Dvorak X3 (video of the week)
Odds are you've seen Mercedes' invisible car video on YouTube. Here is our John C. Dvorak -- and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo, as usual -- and...
Apple Siri: New York Man Is Suing, John C Dvorak X3
So why is a NYC man suing over Apple Siri? Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo explore. It's John C. Dvorak. One topic, three...
Windows 8 Consumer Preview Review: John C. Dvorak X3
One topic, three pundits, two minutes. It's our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo digging into Microsoft Windows Consumer...
New Apple iPAD Running Hot: In Temperature and Sales, says John C. Dvorak X3
We know the new Apple iPad (formerly known as the Apple iPad3) is a hot seller already. But is the New Apple iPad running hot, too? John C. Dvorak...
DARPA Cheetah Robot: John C. Dvorak X3
Apple Facetime is Making People Get Facelifts: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about a recent story on people who are, reportedly, are getting facelifts to look...
Sony, Michael Jackson, Hacktivist News of the Week: John C. Dvorak X3
It's X3 with our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo. This week the guys talk about the recent LulzSec arrests and Sony's alleged...
Apple iPad Generation 3 HD: John C. Dvorak X3
The new Apple iPad, aka the iPad 3 HD, as seen by our John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo. John C. Dvorak X3 -- aNewDomain.net
Bladeless Fan, Dyson Balloon Video: John C. Dvorak X3
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk bladeless fans and a blue balloon. A Dyson Balloon. One topic, three pundits, two...
Yahoo vs. Facebook Patent Flap: John C. Dvorak X3
Apple Siri, Mercedes Benz Drive Kit Plus: John C. Dvorak X3
On today's episode, John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about Mercedes Benz and its selection of Apple Siri voice control for...
U.S. Navy Railgun Prototype: John C. Dvorak X3 (video)
John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo show the video of the of the week -- this one shows a new prototype of the U.S. Navy railgun...
AT&T Lets the App Makers Do the Paying: John C. Dvorak X3
John C. Dvorak and X3 co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about AT&T's plan to have app makers do the paying for bandwidth. Outrageous. One...
Microsoft Windows 8 Consumer Preview, SkyDrive: John C. Dvorak X3
John C. Dvorak ridicules the idea, as promoted, of Microsoft SkyDrive in Windows 8 Consumer Preview and elsewhere as the "world's hard drive." The...
Apple OS X, iOS Upgrades: John C. Dvorak
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo reveal what's coming up with Apple OS X and iOS upgrades -- and discuss what you need to...
John C. Dvorak: Pinterest, Digital Crack Cocaine for Women?
On this episode of John C. Dvorak X3, co-hosts John, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk Pinterest -- and examine its apparently addictive effect on the...
John C. Dvorak: The Annoying State of Robocalls
Our John C. Dvorak and team X3 take on robo calls. What can you do? Check this out. aNewDomain.net with Gina Smith, John C. Dvorak and Dr. Jerry...
Snapped RFID Chip Strands Family: John C. Dvorak X3
It's our John C. Dvorak and his crew at X3. John, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about an RFID issue that stranded a family at the airport. What is...
Test Tube Burgers: John C. Dvorak X3
Test tube burgers. What? John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo tell you all about it. One topic. Three pundits. Short form vidcast...
John C. Dvorak X3: Anonymous Strikes Again
On today's episode, John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about the alleged hacking group Anonymous and what sites it's hacking...
John C. Dvorak X3: Watch a Dyson Heater Blow Up a Balloon (video)
On today's episode, John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo showcase their video of the week -- a Dyson heater blows up a hot air...
John C. Dvorak X3: Google Maps Open to Traffic Analysis?
Are HTTPS and SSL vulnerable? Can anyone do traffic analysis using Google Maps? John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo discuss.
Apple TV: Samsung Downplays the Rumors, John C. Dvorak X3
Samsung is downplaying Apple TV rumors, says John C. Dvorak on this most recent episode of his ultrashort podcast, cohosted by Retrevo's Andrew...
John C. Dvorak, Sunday Fun: John Cleese Explains Stupid and Stupid Things, Too
John Cleese explains stupid and countless other stupid things. Thanks to our John C. Dvorak for this one! Follow John Cleese on Twitter: @johncleese
John C. Dvorak: A Day Made of Glass 2, Video of the Week
Our John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo show off the video of the week --
John C. Dvorak X3: More Anonymous Hacks
John C. Dvorak and co-hosts Andy Eisner and Joe Engo talk about hacker group Anonymous' recent hack and release of some Symantec source code.
John C. Dvorak: On Darth Vader and the Borderline Personality (Uncle Dave)
Was Darth Vader more Borderline than evil? Only George Lucas and a true Star Wars nerd knows for sure. Via @UncleDave for John C. Dvorak at...
John C. Dvorak X3: On Zynga and its Copying Controversy
Our John C. Dvorak X3 with hosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo get into it via the Zynga copying controversy.
John C. Dvorak X3: Are Teens Exiting Facebook for Twitter?
John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about whether teens are fleeing Facebook for Twitter. Short form vidcast.
John C. Dvorak X3: 10nm Carbon Nanotube Transistor
IBM's announcement of 10nm carbon nanotube transistor tech has our John C. Dvorak and cohosts humming.
Store Spy Software: Surveillance on X3 with John C. Dvorak
On this episode, John C. Dvorak and cohosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about surveillance store video. Disturbing.
John C. Dvorak: Dutch Court Says Virtual Goods in Games Are Real
So the virtual goods you buy in games have real status in Holland, so if people steal your light saber that's theft? Really? Here's John C. Dvorak...
John C. Dvorak X3: MacWorld | iWorld 2012 in Review
John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo get around to summing up Macworld | iWorld 2012. It's a case and peripherals show, says, John. But Andrew...
John C. Dvorak X3: Raining Money On Apple
On this X3, hosts John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about Apple's incredibly profitable year.
Megaupload Busted: X3 with John C. Dvorak
John, Andrew, and Joe talk about the recent shutdown of Megaupload and the arrest of its founder Kim Dotcom.
Macworld | iWorld 2012: Show Schedule Saturday, Jan. 28, 2012
MacWorld | iWorld 2012 ends in San Francisco today with a community drum circle and a surprise music performance.
John C. Dvorak on SOPA: Don’t Get Suckered by What Comes Next
Check out what John C. Dvorak says about SOPA.
CES 2012 Preview: John C. Dvorak Delivers the Goods
It's X3 with John C. Dvorak and cohosts Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo. What's coming up at CES? Now you'll know. John C. Dvorak X3 blows doors...
John C. Dvorak: Trillion Frame a Second Camera Captures Images at Speed of Light
Our John C. Dvorak and cohosts Andrew Eisner and Joseph Engo talk about a wild new invention -- a trillion FPS camera capable, inventors say, of...
RIM Execs Fired After In-Flight Kerfuffle: X3 with John C. Dvorak
RIM fired some executives for making a scene on an international flight, an appropriate end to RIM's worst year ever. On today's show, our John C...
Flight-Assembled Architecture: John C. Dvorak X3 Video of the Week
You might've seen those wild multi-blade drone copters assembling a foam building here on aNewDomain recently. John C. Dvorak, as usual, takes the...
Android Malware: John C. Dvorak X3 Crew Challenging Google
Why can't Google keep malware off the Android Market? X3 hosts John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joseph Engo talk all about it in this episode.
John C. Dvorak X3: NTSB Ban on Electronic Distractions?
Our John C. Dvorak and his X3 crew, Andrew Eisner and Joseph Engo, discuss a proposed NTSB ban on devices that distract drivers.
Intel Ivy Bridge CPU: X3 with John C. Dvorak
Our John C. Dvorak and his X3 crew talk Ivy Bridge.
Apple iPad Hi-Res Retina Display: John C. Dvorak X3 on New Tablets, TVs
On this week's episode of X3, hosts John C. Dvorak, Andrew Eisner and Joe Engo talk about upcoming hi-res Apple iPad and Samsung Galaxy screens, plus...
John C. Dvorak Generation X3 : Airplane Food Finally Kills A Man
This time, Dvorak and crew deliver commentary on airline food, flight attendants and a surprise admission from a guest ... no spoilers. Check out...
John C. Dvorak X3: The Ultimate Gift Guide
>Out of gift ideas? John C. Dvorak and his X3 crew's ultimate gift guide awaits.
John C. Dvorak X3: Facebook Settles with the FTC
In the latest episode of John Dvorak X3, John and friends discuss Facebook's settlement with the FTC over charges the company violated users' privacy.